Indicates that the station is part of an infrastructure network rather than an IBSS/ad-hoc network. Station Capability Codes Capability CodeĮxtended Service Set (ESS). The CAPS field identifies the type of each network and the capabilities of the stations operating there: Table 2. The output of a scan request lists each BSS/IBSS network found.īesides listing the name of the network, the SSID, the output also shows the BSSID, which is the MAC address of the access point. The AES cipher was not required in WPA because it was deemed too computationally costly to be implemented on legacy hardware. Specifically, WPA requires only the TKIP cipher that is derived from the original WEP cipher.Ĩ02.11i permits use of TKIP but also requires support for a stronger cipher, AES-CCM, for encrypting data. WPA specifies a subset of the requirements found in 802.11i and is designed for implementation on legacy hardware. This scheme was shown to be easily broken and is now rarely used except to discourage transient users from joining networks.Ĭurrent security practice is given by the IEEE® 802.11i specification that defines new cryptographic ciphers and an additional protocol to authenticate stations to an access point and exchange keys for data communication.Ĭryptographic keys are periodically refreshed and there are mechanisms for detecting and countering intrusion attempts.Īnother security protocol specification commonly used in wireless networks is termed WPA, which was a precursor to 802.11i. Stations must all agree on the fixed key in order to communicate.
This protocol uses a fixed pre-shared key and the RC4 cryptographic cipher to encode data transmitted on a network. The original 802.11 specifications defined a simple security protocol called WEP. Separate from the underlying transmission techniques, 802.11 networks have a variety of security mechanisms. The designation link#1 refers to the first Ethernet card in the machine. In this example, 10.20.30.255 is the broadcast address for the subnet 10.20.30 and is the domain name associated with that subnet. subnetįreeBSD will automatically add subnet routes for the local subnet. These hosts are identified using the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), which calculates routes to local hosts based upon a shortest path determination.
When this happens, the route to this host will be automatically deleted. This type of route has a timeout, seen in the Expire column, which is used if the host does not respond in a specific amount of time. The addresses beginning with 0:e0: are MAC addresses.įreeBSD will automatically identify any hosts, test0 in the example, on the local Ethernet and add a route for that host over the Ethernet interface, re0. This indicates that all traffic for this destination should be internal, rather than sending it out over the network. The interface specified in the Netif column for localhost is lo0, also known as the loopback device. I think if you do something similar you will avoid the error condition.The default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway to the outside world will be the gateway machine at the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Then to actually read the text, I have a Say Que profile which is this: Profile: Say Que (253)Įvent: Variable Set Ī1: Array Pop Ī2: Say Ī3: Goto If Ī4: Variable Join Read text (28)Ī1: Array Push [ Name:%SayStack Position:99 Value:message, from %SMSRN.Ī2: Variable Join This is the task to push the text message to the %SayStack array variable that I use. Here is how I do this for reading incoming text messages. To resolve this, put a buffer variable array between the incoming text and the Say action. It is likely not a problem with the text size, but with having something taking the audio focus when the text-to-speech engine (Say action) starts running - possibly another instance of the Say action.
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